Preservation

This example shows damage caused by biological activity. Speckled holes left in the paper are caused by insects (such as silverfish), mold, or mildew. When left in damp or humid environments, mold can form stains on the paper, attracting insects, which remove parts of the paper.

Foxing refers to rust-colored spots or blotches that form on aging paper. It is normally caused by moisture and the presence of metal particles or mold spores in the paper. Foxing indicates that the paper has been exposed to a humid or acidic environment and may continue to deteriorate in similar conditions. 

This type of damage is common in older, low-quality paper like newsprint. Over time, it becomes brittle and fragile due to the natural breakdown of wood pulp fibers, especially when exposed to air or changing temperatures. When handled, these edges crack or flake away easily, a sign that the paper is extremely delicate.

Some of the works in this collection show adhesive staining caused by old tape or glue. Chemicals in these adhesives slowly seep into the paper and emit vapors as they oxidize, causing deterioration that can even transfer to adjacent paper.

Due to acids in this type of paper, discoloration and oxidation are natural aging processes. Acidity, exposure to air, and light have contributed to an uneven yellowing. In this example, lighter areas show where stacked works protected the paper underneath, while darker areas show evidence of greater exposure.  

Thick paint (such as gouache or tempera) is often prone to cracking or flaking. This usually happens when paint is applied thickly to rigid surfaces, such as illustration board. Over time, the paint becomes more fragile and less flexible, especially if aged in an unstable environment or handled improperly.